"Double Jeopardy" : Conviction on Same Facts in Subsequent Proceedings : Supreme Court

Justice Katju

The Supreme Court speaking through Justice Markandey Katju and Justice Gyan Sudha Mishra, in Kolla Veera Raghav Rao vs Gorantla Venkateswara Rao and Ors., has dealt with the concept of 'Double Jeopardy'. The Supreme Court has held that the provisions of S. 300(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 is much wider than the provisions of Article 20(2) of the Constitution of India. The Bench has held, as under;

Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the appellant was already convicted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 and hence he could not be again tried or punished on the same facts under Section 420 or any other provision of IPC or any other statute. We find force in this submission.

It may be noticed that there is a difference between the language used in Article 20(2) of the Constitution of India and Section 300(1) of Cr.P.C.. Article 20(2) states: "no person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once."

On the other hand, Section 300(1) of Cr.P.C. States: "300. Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same office:

(1) A person who has once been tried by a Court of competent jurisdiction for an offence and convicted or acquitted of such offence shall, while such conviction or acquittal remains in force, not be liable to be tried again for the same offence, nor on the same facts for any other offence for which a different charge from the one made against him might have been made under sub- section (1) of section 221 or for which he might have been convicted under sub-section (2) thereof."

Thus, it can be seen that Section 300(1) of Cr.P.C. is wider than Article 20(2) of the Constitution. While, Article 20(2) of the Constitution only states that 'no one can be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once', Section 300(1) of Cr.P.C. states that no one can be tried and convicted for the same offence or even for a different offence but on the same facts. In the present case, although the offences are different but the facts are the same. Hence, Section 300(1) of Cr.P.C. applies. Consequently, the prosecution under Section 420, IPC was barred by Section 300(1) of Cr.P.C. The Appeal is allowed and the impugned judgment of the High Court is set aside.